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  In those days I didn’t watch the Olympics and dream of some day competing in the Games. At that point I was still trying to figure out which sport I would make mine. I was good at many sports, so when I thought about specializing in a sport I thought it should be one at which I could make a lot of money because we were so poor.

  During sixth grade, I read the book American Miler: The Life and Times of Glenn Cunningham, about one of the best Americans in the mile run during the 1930s. Cunningham competed in two Olympics and won the silver medal in the fifteen hundred meters at the 1936 Games in Berlin.

  Cunningham’s legs had been badly burned during a schoolhouse explosion, and doctors told him he would never walk again. The book described how Cunningham did learn to walk again and developed a running style in which he ran on the balls of his feet and placed one foot directly in front of the other, as though he were running on a straight line. I copied his form, and that gave me a bit of a distinct walk. I had the pleasure and honor of meeting Cunningham in 1988 and was able to tell him how he had affected the way I walked and ran. A week after we met, Cunningham died.

  Dave took up wrestling in seventh grade. He made our junior high’s junior varsity, and he had a 3-3-1 record in his first season. Dave absolutely fell in love with wrestling from the start. By that time, the other boys in his grade had caught up with him in size, so Dave used wrestling to maintain his status as the toughest kid in school. I loved Dave being the toughest kid, especially because I was the youngest in my grade and not very big compared with the others. Dave didn’t miss a chance to step in and take up for me when I got bullied.

  I think finding wrestling was a eureka moment for Dave. His reading troubles didn’t matter in wrestling, but brutality did, and he had plenty of that. Plus, because he was so smart, he could take moves others did and improve them, and then create his own moves. Even when he first started wrestling, Dave could trick opponents into putting themselves in a position they thought would give them an advantage only to quickly learn they had instead stepped into Dave’s trap. By then, it was too late.

  Becoming a better wrestler was about the only thing Dave cared about. He carried his wrestling shoes with him at all times and wore a singlet underneath his clothes just in case he met up with someone who wanted to wrestle.

  As Dave got into wrestling, we discovered that because his brain wasn’t dominated by one side due to his dyslexia, he appeared to have the advantage of being ambidextrous. He wrote and threw with his left hand, kicked with his right foot, and shot guns right-eye dominant. Because he was neither left- nor right-handed, Dave was able to perform moves equally well from both sides. Opponents had trouble figuring out Dave’s style and also were left vulnerable due to Dave’s being able to attack a wrestler’s weaker side—whichever side it was—with equal strength.

  Because Dave basically lived wrestling, he rapidly improved. He made the junior high’s varsity his eighth-grade year and placed fourth in the state. As a ninth-grader—our high school started with the tenth grade—he wrestled at the World Schoolboy Championships in Lima, Peru, and finished second behind a wrestler from Great Britain.

  I was blown away that Dave had risen so fast in such a difficult sport. He, however, didn’t make a big deal out of his accomplishments. He had a steady demeanor about him that would have kept you from guessing whether he was doing well in wrestling or stinking.

  His dyslexia seemed to have another benefit, too. Dave had become accustomed to having to overcompensate for his dyslexia just to make him equal to his classmates. Then when he did reach a point where he matched up to them, Dave never stopped overcompensating. That really showed on the mat, as he caught and then surpassed others his age, and even older wrestlers, accomplishing feats in high school that have yet to be equaled in US high school wrestling history.

  •

  My introduction to wrestling wasn’t quite as convincing for me as Dave’s was to him.

  Wrestling was mandatory in seventh-grade physical education class. We spent all of one period going over different moves and started a tournament the next day in which all seventh-grade boys were required to participate.

  With matches held only during class time, it also was a long, drawn-out tournament. My first match came late in the first round, and I hated that. The longer I had to wait to wrestle, the more time I had to consider the potential ramifications to my status as best all-around athlete if I lost. It wasn’t the first time I had felt butterflies in my stomach before a sports contest, but it was the worst case of butterflies I had experienced to that point. (And the butterflies appeared every time I wrestled during my career. I never figured out how to eliminate them, but I did learn to control them and even use them to create adrenaline before a match.) Losing would have been humiliating, and I thought about it every day when I watched other classmates wrestle.

  Finally, when my match rolled around, I was able to throw a headlock on my opponent and pin him. But there was no enjoying the victory, because I immediately began to feel the pressure of what would happen if I lost my second-round match.

  As you can imagine, there wasn’t much competition in the seventh grade, because none of us were experienced wrestlers. We had all undergone a whopping one period of training. Even though wrestling isn’t an intuitive sport that anyone can be naturally good at, I was able to get by on my athletic abilities to win all four matches, with all four ending in a headlock followed by a pin.

  Each time I won in our school tournament, I only dreaded the next match. Then when I won the final match, I was more relieved than anything else.

  Later that school year, I decided to try out for the seventh-grade wrestling team. But just a few days later, Dave and I moved back to Palo Alto to live with our dad. I loved Mom, but Palo Alto always felt like home to me. Dad had a nicer house, too, and I didn’t have to stay in the freezing bunkhouse anymore. Plus, Dad’s work allowed him to be home and take care of the basic tasks, like laundry. It sounds simple, but just having clean clothes allowed me to train harder and sweat my clothes down completely, usually several times a day. Moving back to Palo Alto, though, meant I wouldn’t get a chance to wrestle in seventh grade.

  I made the eighth-grade team in Palo Alto. Our coach was also the swimming coach, and swimming was his primary sport. Our wrestling practices were unorganized, and we learned almost no techniques. The season lasted only six weeks, with three tournaments: District, Northern County, and County championships. Four guys were entered in each weight class in each of the tournaments. I finished second to the same guy in all three, and with a 3-3 record. The season didn’t amount to much of anything, and I don’t point to that year as when I “started wrestling.”

  When the season ended, I didn’t feel I had learned much about how to wrestle. I didn’t like the sport, because it was too exhausting.

  Wrestling didn’t come close to captivating me as it did my brother.

  —

  One day during my ninth-grade year, I went to watch Dave’s high school team practice at Palo Alto High School and met Dave’s coach, Ed Hart. Hart was also the school’s gymnastics coach and taught me how to do a backflip. My immediate thought, in addition to its being cool and an ego boost that I could do something the others in my school couldn’t, was that gymnastics would benefit me as an overall athlete by improving my flexibility, balance, and muscle strength.

  Gymnastics became for me what wrestling had become for Dave. I embraced becoming a gymnast as though I would be one for the rest of my life, which I believe is the best way for someone to approach anything that he or she wants to be good at. I started training twice a day and met Stanford coach Sadao Hamada, who was one of the most respected gymnastics coaches in the world, and he started training me. I quickly learned a long list of gymnastics moves, and I could tell I was benefiting in the three areas in which I thought gymnastics would help me. In wrestling, a flurry of moves can leave a wrestler d
izzy. Gymnasts don’t become dizzy, because they have kinesthetic body awareness, which is a fancy way of saying they know where they are at all times. Gymnastics made me so flexible that I could do the splits. It made me so strong that at one point I could do fifty-five pull-ups with a little kip, which is a more-intense pull-up because it involves more of the body than a regular pull-up. Gymnastics also helped me face and defeat my fears.

  To help defeat one fear, I picked a risky place to practice one move, the forward roll. There was an old bridge for trains that spanned San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto. It was probably a fifty-foot drop to the creek below. I would shimmy up to the steel beam atop the bridge and wait for a train to come onto the bridge. Then I would do front rolls on the two-foot-wide beam above the train to prove to myself that I could overcome fear.

  •

  I spent most of my free time my ninth-grade year with Coach Hart, who was glad to keep working with me and let me compete with the high school team. With his help, I won the South Peninsula Athletic League’s all-around championship for the gymnast with the most total points in all of the meet’s events. But because I was still a grade shy of being in high school, the tournament director would not give me any of the medals I had earned. In turn, my Palo Alto teammates refused to accept any of their medals as a show of support for me.

  Coach Hamada trained me at two places. One was a gym close to my house and the other was at Stanford’s Encina Gym, where the university’s gymnastics and wrestling teams worked out. At Encina Gym, I would work out on one side of the room while Dave practiced wrestling on the other. The gymnasts tended to go home after workouts, while the wrestlers liked to hang around after practice. When I was finished with gymnastics, I stayed at the gym to take part in games and competitions on the trampolines with some of the wrestlers.

  Later that year, I won the fifteen- to sixteen-year-old Northern California all-around championship. That time, I received my medals.

  Coach Hamada was a great coach and friend to me, and he taught me how to develop the best set of athletic skills I could have asked for. Based on the balance, flexibility, and strength I gained in gymnastics, I think gymnastics laid the best foundation I could have developed for any sport.

  The mental advantages I picked up in gymnastics were also significant. Everything is mental. We all live in our minds, so whatever we think is reality to us. However, there is no separation between the body and the mind. We are one organism, and confidence must be based on fact. The fact that I learned to do things that other wrestlers could not would help me immensely.

  I attribute a large amount of my success as a wrestler to two factors: my foundation of gymnastics and the sibling rivalry I enjoyed with Dave combined with the brotherly love we shared for each other. Knowing we would always be brothers no matter what, we could get extremely brutal and merciless with each other.

  Gymnastics and Dave prepared me both physically and mentally for just about anything that could occur during a match.

  CHAPTER 2

  From off the Mat to Champion

  Gymnastics didn’t have the ability to provide one thing I lacked: confidence.

  As Dave’s wrestling career progressed, his self-confidence grew in equal measure. But I went in the other direction. I just wasn’t happy in life. My gymnastics medals seemed hollow. Lost, and confused about who I was and wondering what I would become, I kept getting into arguments with my dad and wound up quitting gymnastics.

  Down deep inside, I knew what my problem was: my ego. While I was succeeding in gymnastics, my brother was doing even better in wrestling. He was receiving more attention, too, and college recruiters were slobbering all over the thought of getting Dave onto their campus. I complained about that once to my dad, and he slapped me.

  Dad had thought after I won the Northern California state championship that gymnastics would be my ticket to college. I had, too. But I walked away from the sport, unsure of what I would do next.

  •

  At fifteen, I moved back to Ashland to live with my mom, Seana, and Michael, because I was starting to get high on marijuana, my dad found out about it, and he began clamping down on my activities to the point where I felt my freedom was being taken away.

  Being back at my mom’s meant that I was living with my mom, her boyfriend, my half brother, and my half sister. We were so poor that I would go to the school’s lost and found to take a jacket I could wear in cold weather. I started hanging out with bad influences, especially one neighbor kid whom I would smoke marijuana with and who sadly ended up dying from a drug overdose.

  One of the guys I hung out with got arrested for stealing a check out of a car, forging the person’s signature, and trying to cash it. I was with him when he tried to cash the check. He hadn’t offered to give me any of the money, and I didn’t do anything wrong, but I got arrested as an accomplice or an associate. I was put on probation and warned to stay out of trouble, and I learned a lesson about being with the wrong people. I should have told him not to attempt to cash the check, although I knew it wouldn’t have made a difference. He would have tried whether I was with him or not.

  Getting arrested caused me to do a little soul-searching, and I realized two things. First, I didn’t like myself. Second, the only way I could be happy was to be able to beat up everyone in the world. The latter can’t be dismissed as just the thought process of a fifteen-year-old. That same desire drove me all the way through my last competition as an athlete, in ultimate fighting, in 1996.

  That further affirmed my decision to quit gymnastics. I was good at gymnastics, but thinking back to watching Dave defend himself and me on the playground, I knew I was going to have to find a different avenue to the toughness I wanted to be known for.

  Bruce Lee was big then, and watching him kick the crap out of twenty guys in movies like Fist of Fury convinced me that striking martial arts was the way to go. But there wasn’t a Bruce Lee studio near Ashland, so I opted for Chuck Norris’s Tang Soo Do at a place up the road in Medford. My gymnastics gave me a leg up, literally, because I could hold one leg almost straight over my head.

  We trained in a dojo that looked like a dance studio, with wooden floors and big mirrors on the walls. I worked as hard as I could at Tang Soo Do for the first four months. Spending my time training there separated me from my bad influences, and I sensed I was becoming a more disciplined person. I felt I had found my calling, until Dave came to visit for my birthday that fall and we got into a fight over something I don’t recall. Typically when Dave and I spent time together, he would say something to push one of my buttons, and then it was go time for us.

  I thought I was ready to whip Dave and teach big brother a lesson with my four months’ experience in the fine art of Tang Soo Do.

  We went out to Mom’s front yard and I got in my stance and started egging Dave on. I took a big swing, and he ducked underneath and shot in for a quick takedown. Dave got on top of me and started pounding me in the head and face as I’d watched him do to others. (Believe me, the view was much worse from below.) The pounding Dave administered on me made me realize that most fights end up on the ground, and that’s where becoming proficient at wrestling would come in handy.

  I wanted to become a great fighter because I lacked confidence and got bullied and made fun of. I wasn’t good at talking to girls. The only solution to my problems was to become the toughest guy in the world.

  I quit Tang Soo Do and two weeks later tried out for the wrestling team at Ashland High.

  •

  When I walked into the Ashland gym on the first day of practice, I was singing this dumb little made-up song, “Wrestling is for wrestlers.” I kept repeating that phrase over and over. I guess that was my way of saying to myself, I’m going to be a wrestler. It’s become a wrestler or die trying.

  Every day, I aimed to push myself to my physical limits. I hated running, but I would work on conditio
ning until I felt like throwing up. I studied the rules and learned every technique I could. I made sure that no one on the team worked out longer than I did.

  I learned that wrestling is a simple sport, really. It’s not easy, but it’s simple, and it definitely isn’t a sport for the weak, physically or mentally. There isn’t much that’s complicated about the concept of wrestling: Pin your opponent and you win.

  A pin, also known as a fall, occurs when you take down your opponent, turn him over, and pin his shoulder blades to the mat. In freestyle and Greco-Roman, a pin was called a “touch fall” because all a wrestler had to do was touch both of his opponent’s shoulder blades to the mat for a pin. In collegiate style, the shoulder blades had to be on the mat for one second for a pin.

  If a match ended without a pin, the wrestler with the most points scored in the match was declared the winner. The moves for which points were awarded varied between the styles. But speaking in general terms, the ways to score points included: taking an opponent down to the mat (called a takedown); escaping from the control of your opponent (an escape); reversing your opponent when he has you in a down position and then getting on top of him (a reversal); almost pinning your opponent (a near fall); and a variety of penalties that can be called against your opponent, such as unsportsmanlike conduct, illegal holds, and stalling, to name a few.

  Again, that’s in general terms. There were no points for an escape in freestyle. Also, while I was competing, freestyle stopped penalizing points for stalling. When points were awarded for an opponent’s stalling, freestyle and collegiate even had different methods of doing so. Stalling calls were judgment calls that gave a lot of power to referees. Sometimes too much power.